ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective Schizophrenia is a complex and chronic psychiatric disorder. In recent years, studies have found glutamatergic system participation in its etiopathogenesis, especially through aberrant NMDA receptors functioning. Thus, drugs that modulate this activity, as amantadine and memantine, could theoretically be used in its treatment. To perform a systematic literature review about memantine and amantadine use as adjunct in schizophrenia treatment. Methods A systematic review of papers published in English indexed in the electronic database PubMed ® using the terms "memantine", "amantadine" and "schizophrenia" published until October 2016. Results We found 144 studies, 8 selected for analysis due to meet the objectives of this review. Some of these have shown benefits from such drug use, especially in symptoms measured by PANSS and its subdivisions, while others do not. Discussion: The data in the literature about these drugs use for schizophrenia treatment is still limited and have great heterogeneity. Thus, assay with greater robustness are needed to assess real benefits of these drugs as adjuvant therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Amantadine/therapeutic use , Memantine/therapeutic use , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors , Placebos , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Amantadine/adverse effects , Memantine/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Treatment Outcome , PubMed , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/therapeutic useABSTRACT
AbstractLivedo reticularis is a spastic-anatomical condition of the small vessels which translates morphologically by a reticular pattern, interspersing cyanosis, pallor and erythema. The same can be congenital or acquired. Among the acquired, we highlight the physiological livedo reticularis and the idiopathic livedo by vasospasm; the latter configures the most common cause. The drug-induced type is less common. The drugs amantadine and norepinephrine are often implicated. Cyanosis is usually reversible if the causative factor is removed, however, with chronicity, the vessels may become permanently dilated and telangiectatic. We report a case of a patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease with chronic livedo reticularis associated with the use of amantadine and improvement after discontinuation of the drug.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Amantadine/adverse effects , Antiparkinson Agents/adverse effects , Livedo Reticularis/chemically induced , Livedo Reticularis/pathology , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Skin/blood supply , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
We report the case of a 58-year-old white female with Parkinson's disease. She evolved to an extensive livedo reticularis in the limbs and abdomen after commencing treatment with amantadine. We discuss the diagnostic approach to livedo reticularis and its differential diagnoses, emphasizing that the drug etiology must be considered when investigating livedo reticularis.
Descreve-se caso clínico de paciente feminina adulta, portadora de doença de Parkinson em uso de amantadina que desenvolveu extenso quadro de livedo reticular nos membros e abdome após o início do medicamento. Discutem-se a semiotécnica diagnóstica do livedo reticular e seus diferenciais. Os autores salientam que a etiologia medicamentosa deva ser considerada no diagnóstico dos livedos reticulares.